{"id":570,"date":"2021-01-14T16:05:06","date_gmt":"2021-01-14T16:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sagan.is\/?page_id=570"},"modified":"2021-01-16T15:08:12","modified_gmt":"2021-01-16T15:08:12","slug":"gydridur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sagan.is\/?page_id=570","title":{"rendered":"Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0ir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00cd doktorsritger\u00f0 \u00d3lafar Gar\u00f0arsd\u00f3ttur vi\u00f0 Umea h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 “Saving the Child. Regional, Cultural and social aspects of the infant mortality decline in Iceland, 1770-1920<\/strong>” er a\u00f0 finna vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 R\u00f3shildi Sveinsd\u00f3ttur um \u00f6mmu hennar Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0i \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttur. H\u00e9r er \u00e1grip af inngangi ritger\u00f0arinnar – en hana m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast \u00ed heild sinni h\u00e9r<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an er einnig \u00e1grip \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u00far Lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0rabla\u00f0inu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most important persons of R\u00f3shildur’s childhood was her grandmother Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, who served as a midwife in the local community.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In February 1911, a girl was born in the commune of \u00c1sar in southern Iceland.
She was given the name R\u00f3shildur and grew up in a group of 15 siblings who
were born between 1904 and 1925. Her family was relatively well off and
occupied the largest holding in the parish. R\u00f3shildur was the seventh child of
her parents. Three of her siblings died in infancy, two of them were older than
R\u00f3shildur. What they died of is not given in the parish register of \u00c1sar. According
to the parish registers however, one younger brother died of whooping cough
at the age of three months. R\u00f3shildur remembers the death of her younger
brother vividly and, in her mind, he died of barnaveiki (child-disease), a term
that is frequendy used for diphtheria in Iceland. Two other siblings were taken ill
by the disease, but survived with the help of a homeopath who was usually sent
for in the case of a disease in the family. R\u00f3shildur claims that he managed to
save the lives of many young children in the area. She recalls intense poverty in
many households of the commune with several families constantly facing the
threat of sudden death or illness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most important persons of R\u00f3shildur’s childhood was her grandmother
Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, who served as a midwife in the local community.
R\u00f3shildur describes her as a loving person who cared for the poor and the
elderly. Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur had in many ways experienced a childhood similar to that of
her granddaughter. She was born in 1844 in a parish east of \u00c1sar and her
mother gave birth to 14 children of whom only eight survived their first birthday. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur married in 1865 and her marriage too was an exceptionally fertile
one \u2014 like her mother she gave birth to 14 children. Despite frequent births,
she devoted herself to the vocation of midwifery during her fertile years. Like
many midwives of her generation, she did not receive any formal education in
midwifery, but was one of the wise women who were entrusted to carry out
the important task of helping women in childbirth. Midwifery was by no means
easy at that time. Like many other agrarian districts in Iceland, the area where
\u00c1sar is situated was remote and sparsely populated and frequently midwives
had to travel long distances on horseback across turbulent rivers to attend to
childbirths. Usually midwives in sparsely populated areas stayed with childbearing
women for a few days after delivery as did Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur. However, in the case
of destitute families, with a large number of young children, she used to take
the newborns home with her and cared for them in her own household for a
few weeks after delivery. The newborns were then given cow’s milk diluted
with boiled water. After a few weeks, the young child was taken back to his or
her family, equipped with a feeding-bottle and a set of new cloths donated by
the midwife. Grandmother Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0urdelivered R\u00f3shildur and all her siblings
except for the two youngest (born in 1921 and 1925). None of the children
were ever breastfed and R\u00f3shildur maintains that breastfeeding was virtually
unknown in the commune when she grew up. The account of the midwife
taking newborns home with her certainly supports this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f3shildur grew up as a sister of six younger siblings and her childhood
memories are filled with the upbringing and care of infants and young children.
She was frequently made responsible for minding her younger siblings and she
remembers vividly how she used to clean the feeding bottles. “This was by no
means an easy task since the milk tended to turn sour easily and then stick to the
bottle. Sometimes we used salt diluted in water to clean the bottles”, she recalls.
During her childhood glass bottles were most frequently used, but no rubber
teats were available in the district. Teats of wood were most common and in
R\u00f3shildur’s family wooden spools (used for cotton thread), were re-shaped and
used as teats. They were wrapped in wool and covered with linen when the
infant was fed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When my informant R\u00f3shildur was born in 1911, Icelandic society was on
the threshold of a new era. People of her generation have, during their lifetime,
probably experienced more changes in the economic and social structure of the
country than any other. Until the late 19th Century, this society situated on the
periphery of the Danish kingdom, was extremely sparsely populated. The majority
of the population were tenant farmers of relatively scant means and most
inhabitants depended primarily on animal husbandry for their livelihood. However,
the fisheries formed an important subsidiary income in many areas. The
settlement pattern was characterized by scattered farms along the coast, with
the vast interior largely uninhabited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the beginning of the 20th Century, Icelandic society was slowly beginning
to enter the initial phase of a modernized society with an increasing national
product and a relatively complex infrastructure. The…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0rabla\u00f0i\u00f0, 1. tbl. 83. \u00e1rg. j\u00fan\u00ed 2005<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d3l\u00f6f Gar\u00f0arsd\u00f3ttir: Brj\u00f3stagj\u00f6f og \u00e1hrif hennar \u00e1 l\u00edfsl\u00edkur ungbarna \u00e1 \u00cdslandi 1910-1925<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdslenskar lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0ur a\u00f0 st\u00f6rfum<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sem fyrr segir benda samt\u00edmaheimildir fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um mi\u00f0bik 19. aldar til \u00feess a\u00f0 brj\u00f3stagj\u00f6f hafi sta\u00f0i\u00f0 hva\u00f0 veikustum f\u00f3tum \u00ed sveitum \u00e1 Su\u00f0urlandi. Ein \u00feeirra \u00f3menntu\u00f0u yfirsetukvenna sem st\u00f6rfu\u00f0u vi\u00f0 lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0urst\u00f6rf \u00ed \u00feessum landshluta var Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir (1844-1933) en h\u00fan bj\u00f3 lengst af \u00ed \u00c1sum \u00ed Skaft\u00e1rtungu. \u00cd vi\u00f0tali sem \u00e9g t\u00f3k vi\u00f0 barnabarn Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ar, R\u00f3shildi Sveinsd\u00f3ttur \u00e1ri\u00f0 1999, l\u00fdsti h\u00fan lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0urst\u00f6rfum \u00f6mmu sinnar eins og h\u00fan minntist \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f3shildur var f\u00e6dd \u00e1ri\u00f0 1911, sj\u00f6unda barni\u00f0 \u00ed r\u00f6\u00f0 fimmt\u00e1n systkina. Lj\u00f3san, amma hennar, var komi\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 til \u00e1ra sinna \u00feegar R\u00f3shildur f\u00e6ddist og n\u00fd lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0ir, El\u00edn \u00c1rnad\u00f3ttir (1886-1973), h\u00f3f st\u00f6rf \u00ed s\u00f3kninni nokkrum \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00de\u00f3tt Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur hef\u00f0i l\u00e1ti\u00f0 af st\u00f6rfum um \u00feetta leyti t\u00f3k h\u00fan \u00e1 m\u00f3ti barnab\u00f6rnum s\u00ednum, a\u00f0 undanskildum tveimur yngstu sem f\u00e6ddust 1921 og 1925. A\u00f0 s\u00f6gn R\u00f3shildar voru b\u00f6rn \u00ed sveitinni ekki l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 brj\u00f3st og h\u00fan minntist \u00feess gl\u00f6ggt \u00feegar h\u00fan var l\u00e1tin \u00fevo pela yngri systkina sinna. Algengast var a\u00f0 t\u00fattur v\u00e6ru \u00far tr\u00e9, gjarnan t\u00e1lgu\u00f0 tvinnakefli, sem s\u00ed\u00f0an voru \u00feakin me\u00f0 ullar\u00feeli og vafin me\u00f0 l\u00e9reftsgrisju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma R\u00f3shildar \u00e1tti \u00fea\u00f0 til a\u00f0 taka n\u00fdbura me\u00f0 s\u00e9r heim \u00feegar mj\u00f6g f\u00e1t\u00e6kar fj\u00f6lskyldur \u00e1ttu \u00ed hlut. \u00de\u00e1 haf\u00f0i h\u00fan b\u00f6rnin hj\u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00ed 3-4 vikur \u00e1 me\u00f0an m\u00f3\u00f0irin l\u00e1 \u00e1 s\u00e6ng. Fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn R\u00f3shildar rennir sto\u00f0um undir vitnisbur\u00f0 sem finna m\u00e1 hj\u00e1 samt\u00edmam\u00f6nnum \u00e1 18. og 19. \u00f6ld \u00fear sem fram kemur a\u00f0 algengt hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0ur t\u00e6kju hv\u00edtvo\u00f0unga me\u00f0 s\u00e9r heim. H\u00e9r var greinilega um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a lei\u00f0 til a\u00f0 l\u00e9tta undir me\u00f0 f\u00e1t\u00e6kum fj\u00f6lskyldum \u00ed dreifb\u00fdlu samf\u00e9lagi \u00fear fj\u00f6lskyldur \u00e1ttu \u00feess ekki alltaf kost a\u00f0 leita til n\u00e1granna e\u00f0a \u00e6ttmenna me\u00f0an m\u00f3\u00f0ir l\u00e1 \u00e1 s\u00e6ng. Lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0ur voru yfirleitt sj\u00e1lfar h\u00fasm\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed sveit og h\u00f6f\u00f0u fyrir eigin b\u00f6rnum a\u00f0 sj\u00e1. Oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um hafa \u00fe\u00e6r ekki geta\u00f0 dvali\u00f0 eins lengi hj\u00e1 s\u00e6ngurkonum og \u00fe\u00e6r hef\u00f0u kosi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026 Af lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0rask\u00fdrslum m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0irin sem t\u00f3k vi\u00f0 af \u00f6mmu R\u00f3shildar tileinka\u00f0i s\u00e9r a\u00f0ra starfsh\u00e6tti en fyrirrennari hennar. \u00c1 t\u00edmabilinu 1915-1925 t\u00f3k h\u00fan \u00e1 m\u00f3ti 16 b\u00f6rnum og samkv\u00e6mt sk\u00fdrslum hennar voru 10 \u00feeirra l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 brj\u00f3st. H\u00fan t\u00f3k \u00e1 m\u00f3ti tveimur yngstu systkinum R\u00f3shildar og lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0rask\u00fdrslur hennar s\u00fdna a\u00f0 \u00feau voru b\u00e6\u00f0i alin \u00e1 pela fr\u00e1 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu. \u00deetta \u00fearf \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r ekki a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 \u00f3vart. \u00cd samf\u00e9lagi \u00fear sem l\u00f6ng hef\u00f0 var fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ala b\u00f6rn \u00e1 annarri f\u00e6\u00f0u en brj\u00f3stamj\u00f3lk ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 teljast e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 elstu m\u00e6\u00f0urnar kysu a\u00f0 halda \u00e1fram fyrri h\u00e1ttum og gefa b\u00f6rnum s\u00ednum pela \u00ed sta\u00f0 brj\u00f3sts. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur l\u00edka a\u00f0 teljast harla \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi hvarfla\u00f0 a\u00f0 ungum og \u00f3reyndum lj\u00f3sm\u00e6\u00f0rum a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 hafa vit fyrir reyndum m\u00e6\u00f0rum. M\u00f3\u00f0ir R\u00f3shildar var hreppstj\u00f3rafr\u00fa, komin yfir fertugt \u00feegar h\u00fan \u00e1tti yngstu b\u00f6rnin s\u00edn tv\u00f6 og lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0irin hefur t\u00e6past tali\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00ednum verkahring a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0leggja s\u00e9r miklu eldri konu um banaeldi e\u00f0a uppeldi yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dar b\u00f3k \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ar T\u00f3massonar \u00ed Sk\u00f3gum, Lista\u00e6tt \u00e1 Austursveitum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eGy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur var \u00ed \u00f6llu manni s\u00ednum sambo\u00f0in, or\u00f0l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00f6ndvegiskona. H\u00fan var lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0ir og \u00e6t\u00ed\u00f0 t\u00f3k h\u00fan lj\u00f3sub\u00f6rn s\u00edn heim me\u00f0 s\u00e9r vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0ingu til h\u00e1lfs m\u00e1na\u00f0ar dvalar. \u00d3sm\u00e1tt var \u00fea\u00f0 sem h\u00fan lag\u00f0i \u00ed heimili f\u00e1t\u00e6ks f\u00f3lks \u00ed mat e\u00f0a kl\u00e6\u00f0um og haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 jafnan fyrir st\u00f3ru heimili a\u00f0 sj\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grein \u00d3lafar er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed fullri lengd h\u00e9r: https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/5449372?iabr=on#page\/n21\/mode\/2up <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd doktorsritger\u00f0 \u00d3lafar Gar\u00f0arsd\u00f3ttur vi\u00f0 Umea h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 “Saving the Child. Regional, Cultural and social aspects of the infant mortality decline in Iceland, 1770-1920” er a\u00f0 finna vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 R\u00f3shildi Sveinsd\u00f3ttur um \u00f6mmu hennar Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0i \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttur. H\u00e9r er \u00e1grip af inngangi ritger\u00f0arinnar – en hana m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast \u00ed heild …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":383,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-570","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0ir - Sagan okkar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sagan.is\/?page_id=570\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, lj\u00f3sm\u00f3\u00f0ir - Sagan okkar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cd doktorsritger\u00f0 \u00d3lafar Gar\u00f0arsd\u00f3ttur vi\u00f0 Umea h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 “Saving the Child. Regional, Cultural and social aspects of the infant mortality decline in Iceland, 1770-1920” er a\u00f0 finna vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 R\u00f3shildi Sveinsd\u00f3ttur um \u00f6mmu hennar Gy\u00f0r\u00ed\u00f0i \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttur. 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